Environment

Inland waters are permanent bodies of fresh water lying on or below the surface of the earth. Except for estuaries and other watercourses, these waters are distant from coastal areas. They are areas whose characteristics and uses are characterized by permanent, seasonal, or intermittent flooding. These waters...

Our planet has many terrestrial biomes home to a large number of ecosystems with spectacular biodiversity. Forests are one such biome, distinguished by the presence of a large amount of trees. Despite there being certain criteria which make a forest a forest, there are many different types which can seem almost...

It is easy to feel helpless when it comes to protecting our world's ecosystems. Corporations and industries which pollute and destroy on a large scale can make our own contributions can seem pointless. While it is true that individual responsibility will only get us so far in terms of conservation, it is...

Also known as cytology, cell biology is a field of science which helps us to understand how living beings work. Different techniques have been developed to help facilitate our understanding, providing us great insight into how different cells work to fulfill their functions. We don't use this knowledge...

All living beings have at least one cell. While they can differ in many ways, they are all morphological and physiological structures which have complex and specialized functions. Similar to how human beings have organs as part of their anatomy, cells have their own subunits which are used to carry...

Pollution of the seas and oceans is a major environmental problem for mankind. There is a huge amount of garbage in the sea, and more than 80% of it is plastic waste found from surface waters to deep-sea sediments. In fact, at least 14 million tons of plastic end up in the ocean every year. Can you imagine...

Spermatophyte plants are plants that produce and develop from seeds. They are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. The main difference between these two groups is that angiosperms are plants that bear flowers and fruits, while gymnosperms develop their seeds on the surface of scales or leaves....

We can become complacent with the plants and animals living around us, but our planet's biodiversity is astonishing. Although they are fascinating, it is not necessary to only look at exotic ecosystems to see how flora and fauna interact. Even the most humble weed exists in careful coexistence with the other...

All living things are capable of reproduction. It is carried out as an evolutionary ability to continue their species. While the act of reproduction is universal, how it is carried out is much more varied than you may think. New organisms are known as offspring which result from the parent organism. We may think...

We may be aware of the basic concept of an ecosystem, but it is easy to become overwhelmed once we start to look a little closer. The diversity and complexity of the world's ecosystems are only limited by space since every square millimeter of our planet is part of some larger ecosystem. Understanding how...